When concepts are integrated into a wider one, the new concept includes all
the characteristics of its constituent units; but their distinguishing
characteristics are regarded as omitted measurements, and one of their common
characteristics determines the distinguishing characteristic of the new
concept: the one representing their “Conceptual Common Denominator” with the
existents from which they are being differentiated.
When a concept is subdivided into narrower ones, its distinguishing
characteristic is taken as their “Conceptual Common Denominator”—and is given
a narrower range of specified measurements or is combined with an additional
characteristic(s), to form the individual distinguishing characteristics of the
new concepts.